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1 Republic of Afghanistan
1) История: Республика Афганистан2) География: Республика Афганистан (Юго-Западная Азия)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Republic of Afghanistan
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2 Republic of Afghanistan
Республика Афганистан (Юго-Западная Азия)Англо-русский географический словарь > Republic of Afghanistan
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3 (the) Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > (the) Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
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4 (the) Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
География: Исламская Республика АфганистанУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > (the) Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
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5 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
История: (the) Демократическая Республика Афганистан, ДРАУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
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6 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
География: (the) Исламская Республика АфганистанУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
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7 Afghanistan
Afghanistan noun Афганистан; Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Демократи-ческая Республика Афганистан -
8 Afghanistan
[æfʹgænıstæn] n геогр.АфганистанRepublic of Afghanistan - ист. Республика Афганистан
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - ист. Демократическая Республика Афганистан, ДРА
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9 Afghanistan
subst. (land) (Den islamske stat Afghanistan) Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan -
10 Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
Афганиста́н, Исла́мская респу́бликаThe Americanisms. English-Russian dictionary. > Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
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11 Республика Афганистан
1) History: Republic of Afghanistan2) Geography: Republic of Afghanistan (Юго-Западная Азия)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Республика Афганистан
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12 afganistan
n. Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, country in southwestern Asia* * *afghanistan -
13 ДРА
1) History: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan2) Abbreviation: дизель-редукторный агрегат3) Makarov: Демократическая Республика Афганистан -
14 Демократическая Республика Афганистан
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Демократическая Республика Афганистан
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15 Исламская Республика Афганистан
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Исламская Республика Афганистан
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16 Armed forces
Although armed force has been a major factor in the development of the Portuguese nation-state, a standing army did not exist until after the War of Restoration (1641-48). During the 18th century, Portugal's small army was drawn into many European wars. In 1811, a combined Anglo-Portuguese army drove the French army of Napoleon out of the country. After Germany declared war on Portugal in March 1916, two Portuguese divisions were conscripted and sent to France, where they sustained heavy casualties at the Battle of Lys in April 1918. As Portugal and Spain were neutral in World War II, the Portuguese Army cooperated with the Spanish army to defend Iberian neutrality. In 1949, Portugal became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When the nationalist quest for independence began in Portugal's colonies in Africa ( Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau) in the 1960s, the military effort (1961-74) to suppress the nationalists resulted in an expansion of the Portuguese armed forces to about 250,000.Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the number of personnel on active duty in the army, navy, and air force has been greatly reduced (43,200 in 2007) and given a more direct role in NATO. New NATO commitments led to the organization of the Brigada Mista Independente (Independent Composite Brigade), later converted into the Brigada Aero-Transportada. (Air-Transported Brigade) to be used in the defense of Europe's southern flank. The Portuguese air force and navy are responsible for the defense of the Azores-Madeira-Portugal strategic triangle.Chronic military intervention in Portuguese political life began in the 19th century. These interventions usually began with revolts of the military ( pronunciamentos) in order to get rid of what were considered by the armed forces corrupt or incompetent civilian governments. The army overthrew the monarchy on the 5 October 1910 and established Portugal's First Republic. It overthrew the First Republic on 28 May 1926 and established a military dictatorship. The army returned to the barracks during the Estado Novo of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. The armed forces once again returned to politics when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the armed forces again played a major role in Portuguese politics through the Council of the Revolution, which was composed of the president of the Republic, Chiefs of the general staff, three service chiefs, and 14 MFA officers. The Council of the Revolution advised the president on the selection of the prime minister and could veto legislation.The subordination of the Portuguese armed forces to civilian authority began in 1982, when revisions to the Constitution abolished the Council of the Revolution and redefined the mission of the armed forces to that of safeguarding and defending the national territory. By the early 1990s, the political influence of Portugal armed force had waned and civilian control was reinforced with the National Defense Laws of 1991, which made the chief of the general staff of the armed forces directly responsible to the minister of defense, not the president of the republic, as had been the case previously. As the end of the Cold War had eliminated the threat of a Soviet invasion of western Europe, Portuguese armed forces continues to be scaled back and reorganized. Currently, the focus is on modernization to achieve high operational efficiency in certain areas such as air defense, naval patrols, and rapid-response capability in case of terrorist attack. Compulsory military service was ended in 2004. The Portuguese armed forces have been employed as United Nations peacekeepers in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Lebanon. -
17 developing countries
межд. эк. развивающиеся страны (условная группа стран, выделенная международным сообществом в начале 1960-х гг.; к этой группе относят страны, характеризующиеся низким уровнем валового внутреннего дохода на душу населения, низким уровнем развития человеческого капитала, низким уровнем жизни и слабо диверсифицированной экономикой; критерии отнесения стран к этой группе, и соответственно состав группы, по классификациям разных международных организаций несколько отличается; в составе развивающихся стран обычно выделяют группу наименее развитых стран, страны с низким уровнем дохода, не входящие в состав группы наименее развитых стран, страны с уровнем дохода ниже среднего уровня; к этой группе относится значительная часть стран Африки, Азии и Южной Америки)See:advanced developing countries, DAC List of Aid Recipients, Group of Twenty-Four, Group of Seventy Seven, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, advanced economies, newly industrializing country, developed countries, less developed countries, least developed countries, underdeveloped countries, non-industrialized country, countries in transition, concessional loan, lower middle-income countries, low-income countries, Debt Management and Financial Analysis System, official development assistance, dependency theory, special and differential treatment, development economics, New International Economic Order, Third World, Fourth World, digital divide, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, American Samoa, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gibraltar, Greenland, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Isle of Man, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands of the United States, Wallis and Futuna, Western Sahara, West Bank and Gaza Strip* * *в этих странах обрабатывающая промышленность дает 10-20 % ВНП; характеризуются быстрым ростом среднего класса Египет, Филиппины, Индия, Бразилия -
18 less developed countries
сокр. LDCs межд. эк. менее развитые [слаборазвитые\] страны (группа стран, в основном состоящая из стран с низким уровнем производства, низким уровнем национального дохода и низким уровнем жизни; группа очень обширна, и разброс экономических показателей по данной группе значителен; часть стран характеризуется довольно высокими темпами роста экономики и развития технологии (новые индустриальные страны), а часть стран — крайне низкими экономическими показателями (наименее развитые страны); в целом группа довольно близка к группе "развивающиеся страны" по классификации Международного валютного фонда)Syn:See:least developed countries, newly industrializing country, Third World, more developed countries, developed countries, developing countries, Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands of the United States, Wallis and Futuna, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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abbrev.: LDC Less developed countries развивающиеся (менее развитые) страны: государства с низким уровнем национального дохода, высоким темпом роста населения и безработицы, зависимостью от сырьевого экспорта; как правило, имеются в виду страны "третьего мира".Англо-русский экономический словарь > less developed countries
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19 Civil aircraft marking
Abbreviation: 3A (Monaco), 3B (Mauritius), 3C (Equatorial Guinea), 3D (Swaziland), 4R (Sri Lanka), 4X (Israel), 5A (Libya), 5B (Cyprus), 5H (Tanzania), 5N (Nigeria), 5T (Mauritania), 5U (Niger), 5V (Togo), 5W (Western Samoa), 5X (Uganda), 5Y (Kenya), 6O (Somalia), 6V (Senegal), 6Y (Jamaica), 7O (Yemen), 7P (Lesotho), 7Q (Malawi), 7T (Algeria), 8P (Barbados), 8Q (Maldives), 8R (Guyana), 9G (Ghana), 9H (Malta), 9J (Zambia), 9K (Kuwait), 9L (Sierra Leone), 9M (Malaysia), 9N (Nepal), 9Q/9T (Zaire), 9U (Burundi), 9V (Singapore), 9XR (Rwanda), 9Y (Trinidad & Tobago), A2 (Botswana), A3 (Tonga), A40 (Oman), A5 (Bhutan), A6 (United Arab Emirates), A7 (Qatar), A9C (Bahrain), AP (Pakistan), B (China, People's Republic), C/CF (Canada), C3 (Andorra), C5 (Gambia), C6 (Bahamas), C9 (Mozambique), CC (Chile), CN (Morocco), CP (Bolivia), CS (Portugal), CU (Cuba), CX (Uruguay), D (Germany), D2 (Angola), D4 (Cape Verde), D6 (Comoros), DQ (Fiji), EC (Spain), EI (Ireland/Eire), EL (Liberia), EP (Iran), ES (Estonia), ET (Ethiopia), F (France), G (United Kingdom), H4 (Solomon Islands), HA (Hungary), HB (Switzerland), HC (Ecuador), HH (Haiti), HI (Dominican Republic), HK (Colombia), HL (Korea, South), HP (Panama), HR (Honduras), HS (Thailand), HZ (Saudi Arabia), I (Italy), J2 (Djibouti), J3 (Grenada), J6 (St Lucia), J7 (Dominica), J8 (St Vincent & Grenadines), JA (Japan), JY (Jordan), LN (Norway), LV (Argentina), LX (Luxembourg), LZ (Bulgaria), MI (Marshall Islands), N (United States), OB (Peru), OD (Lebanon), OE (Austria), OH (Finland), OK (former Czechoslovakia), OO (Belgium), OY (Denmark), P (Korea, North), PH (Netherlands), PK (Indonesia), PP/PT (Brazil), PZ (Suriname), RDPL (Laos), RM (Madagascar), RP (Philippines), S2 (Bangladesh), S7 (Seychelles), SE (Sweden), SL (Slovenia), SP (Poland), ST (Sudan), SU (Egypt), SX (Greece), T2 (Tuvalu), T3 (Kiribati), T7 (San Marino), TC (Turkey), TF (Iceland), TG (Guatemala), TI (Costa Rica), TJ (Cameroon), TL (Central African Republic), TN (Congo), TR (Gabon), TS (Tunisia), TT (Chad), TY (Benin), TZ (Mali), V2 (Antigua & Barbuda), V3 (Belize), V4 (St Kitts & Nevis), V5 (Namibia), V8 (Brunei), VH (Australia), VN (Vietnam), VP-F (Falkland Islands), VP-LA (Anguilla), VQ-T (Turks & Caicos Islands), VR-B (Bermuda), VR-C (Cayman Islands), VT (India), XA/XB/XC (Mexico), XT (Burkina Faso), XY (Myanmar/Burma), YA (Afghanistan), YI (Iraq), YK (Syria), YL (Latvia), YN (Nicaragua), YR (Romania), YS (El Salvador), YU (former Yugoslavia), YV (Venezuela), Z (Zimbabwe), ZA (Albania), ZK (New Zealand), ZP (Paraguay), ZS (South Africa)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Civil aircraft marking
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20 IDA country
межд. эк., фин. страна Международной ассоциации развития* (страна, соответствующая требованиям для получения льготных кредитов в Международной ассоциации развития; по состоянию на 2007 г. право на получение кредитов в Международной ассоциации развития имели 66 стран: Афганистан, Ангола, Армения, Бангладеш, Бенин, Бутан, Буркина-Фасо, Бурунди, Камбоджа, Камерун, Кабо-Верде, Центральноафриканская республика, Чад, Коморские Острова, Республика Конго, Кот-д'Ивуар, Демократическая республика Конго, Джибути, Восточный Тимор, Эритрея, Эфиопия, Гамбия, Гана, Грузия, Гвинея, Гвинея-Бисау, Гайана, Гаити, Гондурас, Кения, Кирибати, Кыргызстан, Лаос, Лесото, Либерия, Мадагаскар, Малави, Мальдивы, Мали, Мавритания, Молдова, Монголия, Мозамбик, Мьянма, Непал, Никарагуа, Нигер, Нигерия, Руанда, Самоа, Сан-Томе и Принсипи, Сенегал, Сьерра-Леоне, Соломоновы Острова, Сомали, Шри-Ланка, Судан, Таджикистан, Танзания, Того, Тонга, Уганда, Вануату, Вьетнам, Йемен, Замбия; кроме этого, еще 15 стран обладали статусом "смешанных", т. е. соответствовали критериям для получения льготных кредитов как в Международной ассоциации развития, так и в Международном банке реконструкции и развития)See:International Development Association, IDA-only country, blend country, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, East Timor, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
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См. также в других словарях:
Republic of Afghanistan — For the present Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, see Afghanistan. Republic of Afghanistan د افغانستان جمهوریت ← … Wikipedia
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan — ← … Wikipedia
Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan — Infobox Former Country native name= conventional long name= Republic of Afghanistan common name= Afghanistan continent = moved from Category:Asia to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia region = Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia era=… … Wikipedia
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan — noun The official name of Afghanistan … Wiktionary
Afghanistan — Islamic Republic of Afghanistan جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان Jomhūrī ye Eslāmī ye Afġānistān (Persian) د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat … Wikipedia
Afghanistan — /af gan euh stan /, n. a republic in central Asia, NW of India and E of Iran. 23,738,085; 250,000 sq. mi. (647,500 sq. km). Cap.: Kabul. * * * Afghanistan Introduction Afghanistan Background: Afghanistan s recent history is characterized by war… … Universalium
Afghanistan — <p></p> <p></p> Introduction ::Afghanistan <p></p> Background: <p></p> Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the… … The World Factbook
Afghanistan–India relations — Bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan have been traditionally strong and friendly. While India was the only South Asian country to recognise the Soviet backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan… … Wikipedia
Afghanistan — د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت Da Afghānistān Islāmī Dschomhoriyat (Paschtu) جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان Dschomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Afghānestān (Dari) Islamische Republik Afghanistan … Deutsch Wikipedia
Afghanistan, Democratic Republic Of — The April 1978 “Saur Revolution” in Afghanistan heralded the creation of a Marxist government whose 11 year reign was to be perennially beleaguered by the country’s position as something of a Cold War pawn between the Soviet Union and the… … Historical dictionary of Marxism
Afghanistan–Kosovo relations — Afghan–Kosovan relations are foreign relations between Afghanistan and Kosovo. When Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia in 17 February 2008, Afghanistan became the first country to recognise Kosovo based on UTC in 18 February.cite… … Wikipedia
